Glycosylation and Glycation This article introduces protein glycation and glycosylation, focusing on N-glycosylation. Among the various post-translational modifications of proteins, glycosylation is a very important one. Under enzyme catalysis, sugar groups form covalent bonds, typically glycosidic bonds, with certain residues on the protein. This should be distinguished from glycation. In conditions […]
Specificity of hormone action The actions of hormones are highly specific, encompassing both tissue specificity and effector specificity. Tissue specificity refers to the hormone’s effects on specific target cells, tissues, and organs. Effector specificity refers to the hormone’s selective regulation of specific aspects of a metabolic process. For example, glucagon,
Introduction PEG is a commonly used ingredient in the pharmaceutical, chemical, industrial, cosmetic, textile, and ink industries. It comes in a wide variety of forms and functions. This article provides an in-depth understanding of PEG types, common grades, derivatives, and their respective uses. What is Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) ? PEG
What are Amino Acids? Amino acids are carboxylic acids containing an amino group and are the building blocks of proteins. Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds and hydrolyzed by proteases and peptidases. Types of Amino Acids There are at least 180 amino acids in nature, each with a
